{"id":2368,"date":"2017-02-24T14:12:11","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T14:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/?p=2368"},"modified":"2017-02-25T15:57:26","modified_gmt":"2017-02-25T15:57:26","slug":"a-unifying-mechanism-of-neurodegeneration-how-breathing-heptachlor-chlordane-ages-your-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/2017\/02\/24\/a-unifying-mechanism-of-neurodegeneration-how-breathing-heptachlor-chlordane-ages-your-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"How Breathing Heptachlor \/ Chlordane Ages Your Brain \/ A Unifying Mechanism of Neurodegeneration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Experts now agree that oxidants (free radicals) are a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson\u2019s (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">1,2 &#8211; see References below<\/span>), Alzheimer\u2019s (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">3,4<\/span>), Huntington\u2019s (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">5<\/span>), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig) diseases) (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">6<\/span>), cognitive decline (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">7<\/span>), and depression (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">8<\/span>). Antioxidants neutralize oxidants and various cellular mechanisms repair oxidized DNA and other macromolecules in the neuron. \u00a0Over a person\u2019s lifespan these events can be summarized by the following equation:<\/p>\n<p><em>Neurodegeneration = oxidant (free radicals) production \u2013 oxidants neutralization by antioxidants &#8211; repair of oxidized DNA and cellular components<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A recent research review entitled \u201cA Unifying Mechanism of Neurodegeneration\u201d (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">9<\/span>) shows how altered genes, which normally produce the DNA repair proteins, allow early onset of neurodegenerative diseases.\u00a0 Insufficient repair of DNA single strand breaks by defective repair proteins in these families, leads to early-onset movement disorders (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">10, 11<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>Reduced exposure to environmental agents which cause immune cells to produce oxidants would be beneficial to all, but especially valuable to persons having incomplete DNA repair machinery.\u00a0 My research (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">12<\/span>) has shown the heptachlor epoxide, a stable metabolite of heptachlor, at levels found in the blood of Americans (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">13<\/span>), can induce human immune cells to produce the oxidant nitric oxide that causes single strand breaks in DNA.\u00a0 Likewise, heptachlor epoxide would induce microglia, the immune cell of the brain, to produce nitric oxide that then diffuses though cell membranes (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">14,15<\/span>) and damages DNA of surrounding neurons.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, my research (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">12<\/span>) indicated heptachlor epoxide induced-neuronal damage would be exacerbated by inflammatory processes (i.e., presence of inflammatory mediators such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) resulting in a greater breadth and depth of nitric oxide production and DNA damage in surrounding neurons.<\/p>\n<p>Heptachlor is the most potent toxicant of the four major components of technical chlordane (heptachlor, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, trans-nonachlor). Technical chlordane was used as an insecticide in agriculture from the 1950\u2019s until being banned in 1976.\u00a0 More significant to human health, technical chlordane was also used for the prevention\/treatment of termite infestation in U.S. homes until being banned in1988. \u00a0U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimated that over 30 million homes were treated with technical chlordane. The level of heptachlor, cis-chlordane and\u00a0 trans-chlordane in the indoor air of these homes increased markedly, if technical chlordane was applied to the soil under the basement floor, concrete slab, or crawl space, compared to only the soil surrounding the home\u2019s foundation.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1996, I have been sampling and analyzing the concentrations of heptachlor, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, and aldrin in indoor air of homes in the U.S. \u00a0I continue to find high levels of heptachlor and cis- and trans-chlordane in the indoor air of homes, especially those with treatment under the home (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">16<\/span>). The Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) conducted by the USEPA established that the main route of exposure to heptachlor and chlordane was by inhalation of indoor air of treated homes.\u00a0 Heptachlor daily intake in Americans was 7-13 times higher via inhalation than via ingestion of food (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">17<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>Since oxidants (free radicals) are risk factors for various neurodegenerative diseases, and since chlordane \/ heptachlor, at concentrations found in American\u2019s blood, increase oxidants production in human immune cells that damage surrounding cells (neurons), then inhabitants of contaminated homes breathing high levels of chlordane \/ heptachlor would have increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research indicates that Americans with higher levels of chlordane, heptachlor or their metabolites (heptachlor epoxides or oxychlordane) in their blood have increased risk for Parkinson\u2019s Disease (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">18,19<\/span>), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">20<\/span>), cognitive decline (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">21,22<\/span>) and depression (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">23,24<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>REFERENCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Blesa, J, et al., (2015). Oxidative stress and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front. 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Community Health. 61:591\u2013596. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2006.054700\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2006.054700<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Kim, Se-A. et al. (2015).\u00a0<span style=\"color: #333300;\"><a style=\"color: #333300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4480979\">Greater cognitive decline with aging among elders with high serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0PLOS ONE.\u00a010:1-9. \u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article\/file?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0130623&amp;type=printable\">http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article\/file?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0130623&amp;type=printable<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Kilburn, K. H. and Thornton, J. C. (1995). <span style=\"color: #333300;\"><a style=\"color: #333300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7588480\">Protracted neurotoxicity from\u00a0chlordanesprayed to kill termites.<\/a><\/span> Environ. Health Perspect. 103:690-4. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1522193\/pdf\/envhper00356-0059.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1522193\/pdf\/envhper00356-0059.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"24\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #333300;\"><a style=\"color: #333300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Kilburn%20KH%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=9076301\">Kilburn, K. H<\/a>.<\/span><sup>, <\/sup>(1997). Chlordane\u00a0as a neurotoxin in humans. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9076301\"><span style=\"color: #333300;\">South Med. J<\/span>.<\/a> 90:299-304 \u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9076301\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9076301<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experts now agree that oxidants (free radicals) are a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson\u2019s (1,2 &#8211; see References below), Alzheimer\u2019s (3,4), Huntington\u2019s (5), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig) diseases) (6), cognitive decline&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a class='more-link' href='https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/2017\/02\/24\/a-unifying-mechanism-of-neurodegeneration-how-breathing-heptachlor-chlordane-ages-your-brain\/'>Read the Post<span class='screen-reader-text'>How Breathing Heptachlor \/ Chlordane Ages Your Brain \/ A Unifying Mechanism of Neurodegeneration<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[38,6,28,39,7,17,36,37,40],"class_list":["post","publish","author-rcassidy","post-2368","format-standard","category-chlordane-heptachlor-health-effects","post_tag-als","post_tag-chlordane","post_tag-cognitive-decline","post_tag-dementia","post_tag-depression","post_tag-heptachlor","post_tag-neurodegenerative-diseases","post_tag-parkinsons-disease","post_tag-toxic-home","excerpt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2368"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2407,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2368\/revisions\/2407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toxfree.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}